what font is best to use for apa format

General APA Guidelines: Student Papers*

Your essay should exist typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11"), with ane" margins on all sides. Yous should use a font consistently throughout the paper. APA recommends using either a sans serif font such equally 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode, or a serif font such as 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, or 10-betoken Computer Modern.

Include a page header (besides known as the "running head") at the top of every page. For a pupil paper, this only includes the page number. To create a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush correct.

Major Newspaper Sections

Your essay should include four major sections: the Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, and References.

Title Folio

Annotation: APA seven provides slightly different directions for formatting the championship pages of professional papers (due east.g., those intended for scholarly publication) and student papers (eastward.g., those turned in for credit in a high schoolhouse or college course).

The championship page should contain the title of the newspaper, the author's proper noun, and the institutional affiliation. A pupil paper should as well include the course number and name, instructor name, and assignment due date. Include the page header (described to a higher place) flush left with the folio number flush right at the top of the page.

Blazon your title in upper and lowercase letters centered in the upper one-half of the page. The championship should be centered and written in boldface. APA recommends that your championship be focused and succinct and that it should not comprise abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may take up one or two lines. All text on the championship page, and throughout your paper, should exist double-spaced.

Beneath the title, type the writer'due south name: beginning proper name, middle initial(s), and last name. Do non use titles (Dr.) or degrees (PhD).

Beneath the author's proper name, type the institutional affiliation, which should signal the location where the writer(s) conducted the inquiry.

Student APA title folio

Example of a educatee title page in APA 7 format

Principal Body Considerations

Headings

APA Mode uses a unique headings arrangement to separate and classify paper sections. Headings are used to help guide the reader through a certificate. The levels are organized by levels of subordination, and each section of the paper should start with the highest level of heading. There are fiveheading levels in APA. Regardless of the number of levels, e'er use the headings in society, beginning with level 1. The format of each level is illustrated below:

APA Headings
Level	Format
one	Centered, Boldface, Championship Case Heading Text starts a new paragraph.
2	Flush left, Boldface, Title Example Heading Text starts a new paragraph.
3	Flush Left, Boldface Italic, Title Case Heading Text starts a new paragraph.
4	Indented, Boldface Title Case Heading Ending With a Menses. Paragraph text continues on the aforementioned line equally the aforementioned paragraph.
five	Indented, Boldface Italic, Championship Case Heading Ending With a Catamenia. Paragraph text continues on the same line every bit the same paragraph.

Thus, if the article has 4 sections, some of which have subsections and some of which don't, utilise headings depending on the level of subordination. Section headings receive level one format. Subsections receive level two format. Subsections of subsections receive level three format. For instance:

Method (Level one)

Site of Written report (Level 2)

Participant Population (Level 2)

Teachers  (Level three)

Students  (Level three)

Results (Level 1)

Spatial Power (Level 2)

Exam One  (Level 3)

Teachers With Experience.(Level 4)

Teachers in Preparation.(Level four)

Instruction Assistants . (Level 5)

Test Two  (Level 3)

Kinesthetic Power (Level 2)

In APA Style, the Introduction section never gets a heading and headings are non indicated by letters or numbers. For subsections in the beginning of a newspaper (introduction department), the first level of subsection volition use Level ii headings — the title of the paper counts equally the Level 1 heading. Levels of headings will depend upon the length and organization of your newspaper. Regardless, always begin with level one headings and proceed to level two, etc.

Special headings called section labels are used for certain sections of a paper which always kickoff on a new page.

• Abstract
• Newspaper title
• References
• Footnotes
• Appendix A (and then on for subsequent appendices)

These labels should exist positioned on their own line at the top of the page where the department starts, in bold and centered.

Seriation

APA also allows for seriation in the body text to help authors organize and present central ideas. For lists where a specific order or numbered process is necessary, use an Arabic numeral directly followed by a period, such every bit:

On the basis of 4 generations of usability testing on the Purdue OWL, the Purdue OWL Usability Team recommended the following:

1. Motion the navigation bar from the right to the left side of the OWL pages.
2. Integrate branded graphics (the Writing Lab and OWL logos) into the text on the OWL homepage.
3. Add a search box to every page of the OWL.
4. Develop an OWL site map.
5. Develop a three-tiered navigation organisation.

Numbered lists should comprise full sentences or paragraphs rather than phrases. The first word after each number should be capitalized, also as the outset word in any following sentence; each sentence should stop with a period or other punctuation.

For lists that do non communicate hierarchical club or chronology, use bullets:

In general, participants found the user-centered OWL mock up to exist easier to use. What follows are samples of participants' responses:

• "This version is easier to use."
• "Version two seems amend organized."
• "It took me a few minutes to larn how to use this version, but subsequently that, I felt more than comfortable with it."

Authors may also utilise seriation for paragraph length text.

For seriation inside sentences, authors may employ letters:

On the basis of enquiry conducted past the usability team, OWL staff have completed (a) the OWL site map; (b) integrating graphics with text on the OWL homepage; (c) search boxes on all OWL pages except the orangish OWL resources (that is pending; we do take a search page); (d) moving the navigation bar to the left side of pages on all OWL resources except in the orange area (that is pending); (e) piloting the first phase of the three-tiered navigation organisation, as illustrated in the new Appointment department.

Authors may also separate points with bullet lists:

On the basis of the research conducted by the usability team, OWL staff accept completed

• the OWL site map;
• integrating graphics with text on the OWL homepage;
• search boxes on all OWL pages except the orangish OWL resources (that is pending; we do take a search page);
• moving the navigation bar to the left side of pages on all OWL resources except in the orange expanse (that is awaiting);
• piloting the showtime stage of the three-tiered navigation system, as illustrated in the new Date section.

If your bulleted list is role of the sentence and is not preceded past a colon, treat the bullets like a part of the judgement, adhering to standard capitalization and punctuation. This option is helpful for complex or longer bulleted sentences that may exist more hard to read without the aid of punctuation. For items in a bulleted list that are phrases rather than sentences, no punctuation is necessary.

Source:

*Notation: these guidelines are specifically for Educatee papers. For Professional person papers (those existence submitted for scholarly publication), boosted instructions apply - please consult https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html

Tables and Figures - General guidelines

Necessity

The purpose of tables (any graphic that uses a row and column structure to organize information) and figures (any analogy or paradigm other than a table) in documents is to enhance your readers' agreement of the information in the document; ordinarily, large amounts of data can be communicated more efficiently in tables or figures. However, visuals must be used to assist advice, not to use up space, or disguise marginally meaning results behind a screen of complicated statistics. Ask yourself if the table or figure is necessary. For example, it is better to present elementary descriptive statistics in the text, not in a table.

Relation of Tables or Figures and Text

Because tables and figures supplement the text, refer in the text to all tables and figures used and explain what the reader should look for when using the table or effigy. Focus but on the important point the reader should draw from them, and get out the details for the reader to examine on their own.

Documentation

If you lot are using figures, tables and/or data from other sources, exist sure to gather all the information y'all will need to properly certificate your sources.

Integrity and Independence

Each table and effigy must be intelligible without reference to the text, so be sure to include an explanation of every abridgement (except the standard statistical symbols and abbreviations).

Organization, Consistency, and Coherence

Number all tables sequentially as yous refer to them in the text (Table 1, Table two, etc.), likewise for figures (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). Abbreviations, terminology, and probability level values must be consequent across tables and figures in the same article. As well, formats, titles, and headings must be consistent. Do not repeat the same data in different tables.

Tables

Data in a table that would require only two or fewer columns and rows should be presented in the text. More than complex information is better presented in tabular format. In guild for quantitative data to exist presented clearly and efficiently, it must be bundled logically, east.m. data to be compared must exist presented next to one another (before/later on, young/old, male person/female, etc.), and statistical information (means, standard deviations, N values) must be presented in separate parts of the table. If possible, use approved forms (such every bit ANOVA, regression, or correlation) to communicate your data finer.

A generic example of a table with multiple notes formatted in APA 7 manner.

Elements of Tables

Numbers

Number all tables with Arabic numerals sequentially. Do not use suffix letters (east.1000. Table 3a, 3b, 3c); instead, combine the related tables. If the manuscript includes an appendix with tables, identify them with capital letters and Arabic numerals (e.g. Table A1, Table B2).

Titles

Similar the championship of the newspaper itself, each table must accept a clear and curtailed title. Titles should be written in italicized title case below the tabular array number, with a blank line betwixt the number and the title. When advisable, yous may use the title to explain an abbreviation parenthetically.

Comparison of Median Income of Adopted Children (AC) v. Foster Children (FC)

Headings

Keep headings clear and cursory. The heading should not be much wider than the widest entry in the column. Use of standard abbreviations can aid in achieving that goal. There are several types of headings:

• Stub headings depict the left mitt column, or stub column, which usually lists major independent variables.
• Column headings describe entries beneath them, applying to merely one cavalcade.
• Cavalcade spanners are headings that draw entries below them, applying to two or more columns which each have their own column heading. Column spanners are often stacked on summit of column headings and together are chosen decked heads.
• Table Spanners cover the entire width of the tabular array, allowing for more divisions or combining tables with identical cavalcade headings. They are the only type of heading that may be plural.

All columns must have headings, written in sentence instance and using singular language (Detail rather than Items) unless referring to a grouping (Men, Women). Each column's items should be parallel (i.e., every item in a column labeled "%" should be a pct and does not require the % symbol, since it'due south already indicated in the heading). Subsections within the stub column tin exist shown by indenting headings rather than creating new columns:

Chemical Bonds

Ionic

Covalent

Metallic

Body

The body is the principal part of the tabular array, which includes all the reported information organized in cells (intersections of rows and columns). Entries should exist centred unless left aligning them would make them easier to read (longer entries, commonly). Word entries in the trunk should use sentence case. Exit cells bare if the element is not applicable or if data were not obtained; use a dash in cells and a full general note if it is necessary to explicate why cells are blank. In reporting the data, consistency is key: Numerals should be expressed to a consistent number of decimal places that is adamant past the precision of measurement. Never change the unit of measurement or the number of decimal places in the same column.

Notes

In that location are 3 types of notes for tables: general, specific, and probability notes. All of them must be placed below the tabular array in that society.

General notes explain, qualify or provide information about the tabular array as a whole. Put explanations of abbreviations, symbols, etc. hither.

Example:Note. The racial categories used by the US Census (African-American, Asian American, Latinos/-as, Native-American, and Pacific Islander) have been collapsed into the category "non-White." E = excludes respondents who self-identified as "White" and at least one other "not-White" race.

Specific notes explain, qualify or provide information almost a detail column, row, or individual entry. To point specific notes, utilize superscript lowercase letters (e.g.^a,^b,^c), and order the superscripts from left to right, tiptop to bottom. Each table's first footnote must be the superscript^a.

^a due north = 823.^b One participant in this group was diagnosed with schizophrenia during the survey.

Probability notes provide the reader with the results of the tests for statistical significance. Asterisks indicate the values for which the null hypothesis is rejected, with the probability (p value) specified in the probability note. Such notes are required just when relevant to the data in the table. Consistently use the aforementioned number of asterisks for a given alpha level throughout your newspaper.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001

If you demand to distinguish between ii-tailed and one-tailed tests in the same tabular array, use asterisks for two-tailed p values and an alternate symbol (such equally daggers) for ane-tailed p values.

*p < .05, two-tailed. **p < .01, ii-tailed. †p <.05, ane-tailed. ††p < .01, one-tailed.

Borders

Tables should only include borders and lines that are needed for clarity (i.east., between elements of a decked caput, above cavalcade spanners, separating total rows, etc.). Exercise not apply vertical borders, and do not employ borders around each cell. Spacing and strict alignment is typically enough to analyze relationships betwixt elements.

Example of a table in the text of an APA vii paper. Note the lack of vertical borders.

Tables from Other Sources

If using tables from an external source, copy the structure of the original exactly, and cite the source in accord withAPA style.

Table Checklist

(Taken from thePublication Manual of the American Psychological Clan, 7th ed., Section 7.twenty)

• Is the table necessary?
• Does it belong in the impress and electronic versions of the article, or can it become in an online supplemental file?
• Are all comparable tables presented consistently?
• Are all tables numbered with Arabic numerals in the order they are mentioned in the text? Is the table number bold and left-aligned?
• Are all tables referred to in the text?
• Is the title cursory simply explanatory? Is it presented in italicized title case and left-aligned?
• Does every column accept a cavalcade heading? Are column headings centred?
• Are all abbreviations; special use of italics, parentheses, and dashes; and special symbols explained?
• Are the notes organized according to the convention of general, specific, probability?
• Are table borders correctly used (top and bottom of table, beneath cavalcade headings, to a higher place table spanners)?
• Does the table use correct line spacing (double for the table number, title, and notes; unmarried, ane and a half, or double for the body)?
• Are entries in the left cavalcade left-aligned beneath the centred stub heading? Are all other cavalcade headings and prison cell entries centred?
• Are confidence intervals reported for all major point estimates?
• Are all probability level values correctly identified, and are asterisks attached to the advisable table entries? Is a probability level assigned the aforementioned number of asterisks in all the tables in the same document?
• If the table or its data are from some other source, is the source properly cited? Is permission necessary to reproduce the tabular array?

Figures

Figures include all graphical displays of information that are not tables. Mutual types include graphs, charts, drawings, maps, plots, and photos. Just like tables, figures should supplement the text and should exist both understandable on their own and referenced fully in the text.

Preparing Figures

In preparing figures, advice and readability must be the ultimate criteria. Simplicity is central; special effects and poor design can distract from and misconstrue the data, and brand the reader doubt your credibility.

Parts of a Figure

Numbers

All figures that are part of the main text require a number using Standard arabic numerals (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). Numbers are assigned based on the club in which figures appear in the text and are bolded and left aligned.

Title

Under the number, write the title of the figure in italicized title case. The championship should exist brief, clear, and explanatory, and both the championship and number should be double spaced.

Epitome

The image of the figure is the body, and information technology is positioned underneath the number and title. The image should be legible in both size and resolution; fonts should be sans serif, consistently sized, and betwixt eight-14 pt. Title case should be used for centrality labels and other headings; descriptions inside figures should be in judgement example. Shading and colour should be limited for clarity; utilise patterns along with color and check contrast between colours with costless online checkers to ensure all users (people with color vision deficiencies or readers printing in grayscale, for example) can access the content. Gridlines and 3-D effects should be avoided unless they are necessary for clarity or essential content information.

Legends

Legends, or keys, explicate symbols, styles, patterns, shading, or colours in the image. Words in the legend should be in title case; legends should get within or underneath the prototype rather than to the side. Not all figures will crave a legend.

Notes

Notes analyze the content of the figure; like tables, notes can be general, specific, or probability. General notes explicate units of measurement, symbols, and abbreviations, or provide commendation information. Specific notes place specific elements using superscripts; probability notes explain statistical significance of certain values.

A generic example of a effigy formatted in APA 7 way.

Figure Checklist

(Taken from thePublication Transmission of the American Psychological Association, seven^th ed., Department 7.35)

• Is the figure necessary?
• Does the figure vest in the print and electronic versions of the article, or is it supplemental?
• Is the figure elementary, clean, and free of inapplicable detail?
• Is the figure title descriptive of the content of the figure? Is it written in italic title case and left aligned?
• Are all elements of the figure conspicuously labeled?
• Are the magnitude, scale, and direction of grid elements clearly labeled?
• Are parallel figures or equally important figures prepared according to the same scale?
• Are the figures numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals? Is the figure number assuming and left aligned?
• Has the figure been formatted properly? Is the font sans serif in the epitome portion of the figure and betwixt sizes viii and 14?
• Are all abbreviations and special symbols explained?
• If the figure has a fable, does information technology appear within or below the prototype? Are the legend'southward words written in championship case?
• Are the figure notes in full general, specific, and probability order? Are they double-spaced, left aligned, and in the same font as the newspaper?
• Are all figures mentioned in the text?
• Has written permission for impress and electronic reuse been obtained? Is proper credit given in the figure explanation?
• Take all substantive modifications to photographic images been disclosed?
• Are the figures beingness submitted in a file format adequate to the publisher?
• Take the files been produced at a sufficiently high resolution to allow for accurate reproduction?

Source:
Purdue Online Writing Lab. (n.d.). APA Tables and Figures. Purdue Online Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_tables_and_figures.html

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Source: https://library.ulethbridge.ca/apa7style/formatting_guidelines

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